借鉴与探讨国际人体器官捐献经验，规范中国人体器官获取组织发展

doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-3903.2023.05.000

中华移植杂志(电子版) doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-3903.2023.05.000

述评

叶啟发, 艾紫叶, 赵慧佳^†(

)

430071　武汉大学中南医院　国家人体捐献器官获取质量控制中心　武汉大学肝胆疾病研究院　武汉大学移植医学中心　移植医学技术湖北省重点实验室　湖北省天然高分子生物肝临床医学研究中心；410013　长沙，中南大学湘雅三医院　卫生部移植医学工程技术研究中心
430071　武汉大学中南医院　国家人体捐献器官获取质量控制中心　武汉大学肝胆疾病研究院　武汉大学移植医学中心　移植医学技术湖北省重点实验室　湖北省天然高分子生物肝临床医学研究中心
100730　中国医学科学院北京协和医院基本外科

收稿日期:2023-05-04
通信作者: 赵慧佳
基金资助:
武汉大学中南医院2022年度医学科技创新平台建设匹配经费(PTPP2022007)

Exploring the experience of international human organ donation experience, standardizing the Organ Procurement Organization in China

Qifa Ye, Ziye Ai, Huijia Zhao^†()

Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, National Quality Control Center for Donated Organ Procurement, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Hubei Natural Polymer Biological Liver Clinical Medical Research Center, Wuhan 430071, China; Xiangya Third Hospital of Central South University, National Health Commission Research Center of Transplant Medical Engineering Technology, Changsha 410013, China
Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, National Quality Control Center for Donated Organ Procurement, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Hubei Natural Polymer Biological Liver Clinical Medical Research Center, Wuhan 430071, China;
Department of Basic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China

Received:2023-05-04
Corresponding author: Huijia Zhao

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叶啟发, 艾紫叶, 赵慧佳. 借鉴与探讨国际人体器官捐献经验，规范中国人体器官获取组织发展[J]. 中华移植杂志(电子版), doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-3903.2023.05.000.

Qifa Ye, Ziye Ai, Huijia Zhao. Exploring the experience of international human organ donation experience, standardizing the Organ Procurement Organization in China[J]. Chinese Journal of Transplantation(Electronic Edition), doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-3903.2023.05.000.

我国高度重视人体器官捐献与移植事业的发展。自2015年我国全面开展人体器官捐献工作以来，我国人体器官捐献数量稳步上升。然而，我国的器官捐献工作尚在起步阶段，学习美国和西班牙等捐献大国的制度优势，大力发展人体器官捐献与获取，是人体器官捐献与移植事业蓬勃发展的基础。其中，美国模式由器官共享联合网络(UNOS)、人体器官获取组织(OPO)和移植医院三者紧密联系，共同构成美国的捐献与移植体系，其核心特点包括：UNOS管理美国唯一的器官获取与移植网络，制定并修订分配政策，OPO独立于移植医院之外，UNOS提供工具、资源和专业知识，帮助OPO提高服务质量。西班牙模式的核心特点则是其三级管理结构、与媒体的密切合作关系、医院内专业协调员以及为所有人员量身定制的强化培训计划。学习和借鉴美国和西班牙的人体器官捐献与移植管理模式，因地制宜地应用在我国的器官捐献中，进一步完善体系建设，形成有利于我国器官捐献和移植事业的中国模式。

关键词: 人体器官获取组织, 器官共享联合网络, 西班牙模式

China attaches great importance to the development of organ donation and transplantation. Since 2015, when China comprehensively carried out the work of human organ donation, the number of human organ donations in China has steadily increased. However, organ donation in China is still in its infancy, learning from the system advantages of "excellent donation countries" such as the United States and Spain, and vigorously developing human organ donation and procurement is the foundation for the vigorous development of human organ donation and transplantation. Among them, the "U.S. model" consists of the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS), human Organ Procurement Organizations (OPO) and transplantation hospitals, which are closely connected and together constitute the U. S. donation and transplantation system. Its core features include that UNOS manages the only U. S. organ procurement and transplantation network, formulates and revises allocation policies, and OPO is independent of transplantation hospitals, and UNOS provides tools, resources and expertise to help OPO improve the quality of their services. The core features of the "Spanish model" are its three-tiered management structure, close relationship with the media, specialized coordinators in the hospitals, and an intensive training program tailored to all personnel. Learning from the U. S. and Spain′s human organ donation and transplantation management models and applying them to China′s organ donation according to local conditions, we can further improve the system and form a "China model" that is favorable to China′s organ donation and transplantation.

Key words: Organ procurement organization, United Network for Organ Sharing, Spanish Model

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[1]	叶啟发, 艾紫叶, 赵慧佳. 借鉴与探讨国际人体器官捐献经验，规范中国人体器官获取组织发展[J]. 中华移植杂志(电子版), 2023, 17(05): 273-279.
[2]	王连政, 孙桂霞, 赵丽霞, 冯艳慧, 刘致中. 内蒙古自治区器官捐献和移植工作现状与思考[J]. 中华移植杂志(电子版), 2019, 13(01): 54-57.

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