肝癌肝移植术后防治复发转移中国专家共识(2025版)

doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-3903.2025.06.002

肝癌肝移植术后复发转移是影响患者长期生存的主要挑战。为此，中华医学会器官移植学分会联合相关领域专家，基于循证医学证据和GRADE系统推荐分级，经深入论证，制订《肝癌肝移植术后防治复发转移中国专家共识(2025版)》，旨在为中国肝移植临床实践提供科学指导。本共识强调个性化方案的重要性，提出通过优化免疫抑制策略和多种辅助治疗手段降低复发风险，比较外科治疗、局部治疗及系统治疗的适应证及潜在风险；同时，系统梳理肝癌肝移植术后复发转移高危人群的识别、预测指标、新型生物标志物、预测模型、预防策略、监测方案、诊断方法和治疗路径等内容，以期提升患者术后生存率并改善生活质量。

关键词: 肝细胞癌, 肝移植, 肿瘤复发转移, 免疫抑制, 辅助治疗

Recurrence and metastasis after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain the major challenge affecting the long-term survival of patients. To address this, the Branch of Organ Transplantation of Chinese Medical Association, in conjunction with experts from relevant fields, formulated the Chinese Expert Consensus on Prevention and Treatment of Recurrence and Metastasis after Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2025 Edition) based on evidence-based medicine and GRADE system following in-depth deliberation. The consensus aims to provide scientific guidance for clinical practice of liver transplantation in China. It emphasizes the importance of personalized treatment strategies, proposes optimizing immunosuppressive strategies and various adjuvant therapies to reduce recurrence risk, and compares the indications and potential risks of surgical, locoregional, and systemic therapies. It also systematically summarizes the identification of high-risk groups, predictive factors, novel biomarkers, prognostic models, prevention strategies, monitoring protocols, diagnostic methods, and treatment pathways for recurrence and metastasis after liver transplantation for HCC, with the goal of improving postoperative survival rate and quality of life of patients.

Key words: Hepatocellular carcinoma, Liver transplantation, Tumor recurrence and metastasis, Immunosuppression, Adjuvant therapy

表1 GRADE证据分级标准

证据等级	等级划分标准
A(高质量)	高质量的证据，包括随机对照的系统评价、随机对照试验、全或无病例
B(中等质量)	队列研究的系统评价、队列研究或较差的随机对照试验、"结果"研究及生态学研究
C(低质量)	病例对照研究的系统评价、病例对照研究
D(极低质量)	单个病例系列研究

表1 GRADE证据分级标准

证据等级	等级划分标准
A(高质量)	高质量的证据，包括随机对照的系统评价、随机对照试验、全或无病例
B(中等质量)	队列研究的系统评价、队列研究或较差的随机对照试验、"结果"研究及生态学研究
C(低质量)	病例对照研究的系统评价、病例对照研究
D(极低质量)	单个病例系列研究

图1 移植术后防治复发转移路线图注：AFP.甲胎蛋白；PET.正电子发射体层摄影

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Chinese expert consensus on prevention and treatment of recurrence and metastasis after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma (2025 edition)

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Chinese expert consensus on prevention and treatment of recurrence and metastasis after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma (2025 edition)