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中华移植杂志(电子版) ›› 2026, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (03) : 145 -157. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-3903.2026.03.001

标准与指南

成人肝移植受者新发恶性肿瘤临床诊疗指南(2026版)
中华医学会器官移植学分会, 中国医师协会器官移植医师分会, 中国抗癌协会环境肿瘤学专业委员会   
  1. 1. 南京医科大学第一附属医院肝胆中心,210029 南京
  • 收稿日期:2026-04-09 出版日期:2026-06-25
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2021YFA1100500); 国家自然科学基金(82470683); 浙江省"尖兵""领雁"研发攻关计划项目(2024C03051)

Clinical practice guideline for diagnosis and treatment of de novo malignancy in adult liver transplantation recipient (2026 edition)

Branch of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Medical Association, Branch of Organ Transplant Physicians, Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Environmental Oncology Committee of China Anti Cancer Association   

  1. 1. Department of Hepatobiliary Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
  • Received:2026-04-09 Published:2026-06-25
引用本文:

中华医学会器官移植学分会, 中国医师协会器官移植医师分会, 中国抗癌协会环境肿瘤学专业委员会. 成人肝移植受者新发恶性肿瘤临床诊疗指南(2026版)[J/OL]. 中华移植杂志(电子版), 2026, 20(03): 145-157.

Branch of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Medical Association, Branch of Organ Transplant Physicians, Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Environmental Oncology Committee of China Anti Cancer Association. Clinical practice guideline for diagnosis and treatment of de novo malignancy in adult liver transplantation recipient (2026 edition)[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Transplantation(Electronic Edition), 2026, 20(03): 145-157.

随着肝移植外科技术的进步及围手术期管理体系的完善,受者中远期生存率显著提高,新发恶性肿瘤(DNM)管理的重要性日益凸显。成人肝移植受者DNM的发病率约为普通人群的10倍,病死率为其2~3倍。DNM已成为肝移植后生存>10年受者最常见的死亡原因。为规范和优化成人肝移植受者DNM的诊疗和管理,中华医学会器官移植学分会和中国医师协会器官移植医师分会等组织专家研讨,结合最新循证医学依据和我国临床实践经验,充分借鉴国内外文献,制订《成人肝移植受者新发恶性肿瘤临床诊疗指南(2026版)》(以下简称指南)。该指南系统阐述成人肝移植受者DNM的流行病学特征、危险因素、筛查策略及防治原则,提出相关推荐意见,旨在提升肝移植受者术后生命质量及长期生存率。

With the advancement of surgical techniques and refinement of perioperative management, the long-term survival rate of liver transplant recipients has significantly improved, making the management of de novo malignancy (DNM) increasingly critical. Compared with the general population, adult liver transplant recipients suffered from an approximately 10-fold higher risk of developing DNM and a 2- to 3-fold higher risk of mortality. DNM has become the most common cause of death for recipients surviving more than 10 years after transplantation. To standardize and optimize the diagnosis, therapeutics, and management of DNM in adult liver transplant recipients, the Branch of Organ Transplantation of Chinese Medical Association and Branch of Organ Transplant Physicians of Chinese Medical Doctor Association organize experts to systematically review and analyze domestic and international evidence-based medical data, combined with clinical practical experience in China, and establish the Clinical practice guideline for diagnosis and treatment of de novo malignancy in adult liver transplantation recipient (2026 edition). This guideline elucidates the epidemiological characteristics, risk factors, screening strategies, prevention and therapeutic principles of DNM in adult liver transplant recipients, and proposes a series of scientific recommendations, aiming to improve the post-transplant quality of life and long-term survival rates.

表1 证据质量与推荐意见强度分级标准
表2 肝移植后新发恶性肿瘤标准化发病率比与占比
表3 肝移植后各类新发恶性肿瘤危险因素
表4 免疫抑制维持方案对肝移植后新发恶性肿瘤发病的影响
表5 肝移植后新发恶性肿瘤筛查方案
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