部分心脏移植(PHT)是指从供者心脏获取新鲜的主动脉瓣或肺动脉瓣及其瓣根部移植给先天性心脏瓣膜疾病患儿，故亦称为同种异体"活瓣"移植或置换。与传统机械瓣或生物瓣相比，PHT的优势在于移植的瓣膜组织具有生长潜能，能够随患儿发育而同步生长，且瓣膜耐久性好，很少出现瓣膜功能衰败，从而避免患儿在成长过程中需多次进行瓣膜置换的风险。尽管术后仍需接受免疫抑制治疗，但所需药物剂量较全心移植显著降低，且治疗时间可能缩短，有助于儿童安全度过关键生长期。近年来，PHT的临床可行性、安全性和有效性逐步得到验证，将为先天性心脏瓣膜疾病的外科手术带来范式转变。本文旨在系统综述当前PHT领域的临床研究进展，包括其手术适应证、技术、疗效和挑战。

Partial heart transplantation (PHT) refers to the procedure where fresh aortic or pulmonary valve as well as the associated root are procured from the donor heart and transplanted into children with congenital heart valve diseases. It is also known as allogeneic " living valve" transplantation or replacement. Compared with traditional mechanical or biological valves, the advantage of PHT lies in the fact that the transplanted valve tissue has the potential for growth and can grow synchronously with the development of the children. Moreover, the durability of the valve is good, and there is rarely any valve functional failure, thereby avoiding the risk of multiple surgical replacements required as the children grows. Although immunosuppressive treatment is still necessary after the operation, the required drug dosage is significantly lower than that of full heart transplantation, and the treatment time may be shorter, which helps children safely pass through critical growth periods. In recent years, the clinical feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of PHT have been gradually verified, bringing a paradigm shift to surgical treatment of congenital heart valve diseases. This article aims to systematically review the current clinical research progress in the field of PHT, including its surgical indications, techniques, efficacy and challenges.