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中华移植杂志(电子版) ›› 2022, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (05): 292 -298. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-3903.2022.05.005

论著

肾移植术后移植肾功能延迟恢复预测模型的构建及效果评价
叶景和1, 何龙2, 杨宏伟2,()   
  1. 1. 110122 沈阳,中国医科大学研究生院
    2. 110000 沈阳,中国人民解放军北部战区总医院器官移植中心
  • 收稿日期:2022-09-30 出版日期:2022-10-25
  • 通信作者: 杨宏伟

Construction and effect evaluation of a prediction model for delayed graft function after renal transplantation

Jinghe Ye1, Long He2, Hongwei Yang2,()   

  1. 1. Department of Graduate School, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
    2. Organ Transplant Center, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110015, China
  • Received:2022-09-30 Published:2022-10-25
  • Corresponding author: Hongwei Yang
目的

构建肾移植术后发生移植肾功能延迟恢复(DGF)的预测模型,探讨其预测价值。

方法

回顾性分析中国人民解放军北部战区总医院223例肾移植受者临床资料,将其按7 ∶3的比例随机分为建模组(157例)和验证组(66例)。分析建模组肾移植术后DGF发生情况及危险因素,将单因素分析中P<0.10的变量纳入多元logistic回归分析。根据各独立危险因素的偏回归系数构建DGF预测模型,并绘制列线图。应用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积(AUC)评价模型准确度,并在验证组中进行验证。

结果

223例肾移植受者中,共103例(46.2%)术后发生DGF。其中,建模组和验证组分别有75例和28例受者发生DGF。供者糖尿病史、受者腹部手术史、供者捐献前肌酐≥93 μmol/L及受者体质指数(BMI)>24 kg/m2是肾移植术后发生DGF的独立危险因素(P均<0.05)。将独立危险因素赋值后构建的预测模型方程为:logit(肾移植术后DGF)=-1.039+1.554×供者糖尿病史(有=1,无=0)+1.379×受者腹部手术史(有=1,无=0)+1.172×供者捐献前血清肌酐(<93 μmol/L=0,≥93 μmol/L=1)+1.224×受者BMI(≤24 kg/m2=0,>24 kg/m2=1)。将预测模型分别应用于建模组和验证组绘制ROC曲线,建模组AUC为0.857(95%CI:0.793~0.922,P<0.05),敏感度为82.1%,特异度为76.9%,验证组AUC为0.820(95%CI:0.703~0.937,P<0.05),敏感度为81.8%,特异度为72.4%。

结论

本研究构建的包含供者糖尿病史、受者腹部手术史、受者体质指数及供者捐献前血清肌酐4个因素的预测模型能有效预测DGF的发生,可指导临床对供者质量做出循证决策。

Objective

To construct a predictive model for delayed graft function (DGF) after renal transplantation, and to explore its predictive value for clinical application.

Methods

The data of 223 renal transplantation recipients in our center were retrospectively analyzed, and they were randomly divided into a modeling group (157 cases) and a verification group (66 cases) according to the ratio of 7: 3. The occurrence and risk factors of DGF after renal transplantation in the modeling group were analyzed, and the prediction model was established according to the results of multivariate logistic regression analysis, and the data were verified by the validation group. A nomogram of the DGF prediction model was drawn and the accuracy was compared using the area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC).

Results

Among 223 kidney transplant recipients, the incidence of DGF was 46.2% (103/223). The existence of donor′s diabetes history, recipient′s abdominal surgery history, donor′s terminal creatinine ≥93 μmol/L and recipient′s body mass index (BMI) >24 kg/m2 were independent risk factors for DGF (all P<0.05). The DGF prediction model equation is logit (delayed graft function)=-1.039+ 1.554×donor′s diabetes history (yes=1, no=0)+ 1.379×recipient′s abdominal surgery history (yes=1, no=0)+ 1.172×donor terminal creatinine (<93 μmol/L=0, ≥93 μmol/L=1)+ 1.224×recipient BMI (≤24 kg/m2=0, >24 kg/m2=1). The AUC, sensitivity, speaificity in modeling group were 0.857 (95%CI: 0.793-0.922, P<0.001), 82.1%, 76.9%, respectively; and the AUC sensitivity, specificity in the validation group were 0.820 (95%CI: 0.703-0.937, P<0.001), 81.8%, 72.4%, respectively.

Conclusions

The prediction model, consisting of donor′s diabetes history, recipient′s abdominal surgery history, the body mass index of the recipient and donor′s terminal creatinine, may effectively predict the occurrence of DGF.

表1 建模组和验证组肾移植受者及对应供者临床特征比较
  建模组(n=157) 验证组(n=66) t/χ2/Z P
受者因素        
  性别[例(%)]     0.324 >0.05
    113(72.0) 45(68.2)    
    44(28.0) 21(31.8)    
  年龄[岁,(±s)] 45±10 46±10 0.097 >0.05
  BMI[kg/m2,(±s)] 22.8±2.6 23.6±2.8 1.387 >0.05
  高血压病史[例(%)] 141(89.8) 59(89.4) 0.009 >0.05
  糖尿病史[例(%)] 23(14.6) 11(16.7) 0.146 >0.05
  腹部手术史[例(%)] 30(19.1) 14(21.2) 0.130 >0.05
  原发病[例(%)]     1.403 >0.05
    肾小球肾炎 99(63.0) 41(62.1)    
    糖尿病肾病 19(12.1) 8(12.1)    
    IgA肾病 15( 9.6) 6( 9.1)    
    高血压肾病 13( 8.3) 4( 6.1)    
    痛风 4( 2.5) 2( 3.0)    
    多囊肾 5( 3.2) 2( 3.0)    
    肾积水 2( 1.3) 3( 4.5)    
  透析方式[例(%)]     0.331 >0.05
    血液透析 142(90.4) 58(87.9)    
    腹膜透析 15( 9.6) 8(12.1)    
  透析时间[月,M(P25P75)] 48.0(24.0,72.0) 48.0(30.0,72.0) 0.475 >0.05
  术前血清肌酐[μmol/L,(±s)] 977±280 936±281 0.986 >0.05
  术前免疫诱导方案[例(%)]     1.168 >0.05
    巴利昔单抗 118(75.2) 54(81.8)    
    抗胸腺细胞球蛋白 39(24.8) 12(18.2)    
供者因素        
  年龄[岁,M(P25P75)] 52.0(40.0,58.0) 52.5(39.5,58.0) 0.280 >0.05
  性别[例(%)]     0.070 >0.05
    128(81.5) 53(80.3)    
    29(18.5) 13(19.7)    
  糖尿病史[例(%)] 61(38.9) 26(39.4) 0.004 >0.05
  高血压史[例(%)] 70(44.6) 29(43.9) 0.023 >0.05
  死亡原因[例(%)]     1.555 >0.05
    脑血管意外 125(79.6) 57(86.4)    
    其它 32(20.4) 9(13.6)    
  捐献类型[例(%)]     0.207 >0.05
    DBD 78(49.7) 33(50.0)    
    DCD 12( 7.6) 4( 6.1)    
    DBCD 67(42.7) 29(43.9)    
  捐献前血清肌酐[μmol/L,M(P25P75)] 93.0(74.0,140.0) 92.0(73.5,130.5) 0.468 >0.05
  供肾热缺血时间[min,M(P25P75)] 5.0(5.0,6.0) 5.0(5.0,5.0) 0.769 >0.05
  供肾冷缺血时间[h,M(P25P75)] 5.0(4.0,6.0) 5.0(4.0,6.0) 0.184 >0.05
  供受者HLA错配数[个,M(P25P75)] 3.0(2.0,5.0) 3.0(3.0,4.0) 0.233 >0.05
表2 肾移植受者术后发生DGF危险因素的单因素分析
  DGF受者(n=75) 非DGF受者(n=82) t/χ2/Z P
受者因素        
  性别[例(%)]     1.125 >0.10
    51(68.0) 62(75.6)    
    24(32.0) 20(24.4)    
  年龄[岁,(±s)] 47±10 44±11 1.259 >0.10
  BMI[例(%)]     5.831 <0.10
    ≤24 kg/m2 37(49.3) 56(68.3)    
    >24 kg/m2 38(50.7) 26(31.7)    
  高血压病史[例(%)] 66(88.0) 75(91.5) 0.513 >0.10
  糖尿病史[例(%)] 8(10.7) 15(18.3) 1.822 >0.10
  腹部手术史[例(%)] 20(26.7) 10(12.2) 5.307 <0.10
  原发病[例(%)]     3.138 >0.10
    肾小球肾炎 45(60.0) 54(65.9)    
    糖尿病肾病 10(13.3) 9(11.0)    
    IgA肾病 7( 9.3) 8( 9.7)    
    高血压肾病 7( 9.3) 6( 7.3)    
    痛风 2( 2.7) 2( 2.4)    
    多囊肾 2( 2.7) 3( 3.7)    
    肾积水 2( 2.7) 0    
  透析方式[例(%)]     0.008 >0.10
    血液透析 68(90.7) 74(90.2)    
    腹膜透析 7( 9.3) 8( 9.8)    
  透析时间[月,M(P25P75)] 48.0(24.0,72.0) 48.0(24.0,61.5) 0.663 >0.10
  术前白细胞计数[×109/L,M(P25P75)] 7.7(6.4,9.1) 6.7(5.4,8.0) 2.941 <0.10
  术前中性粒细胞计数[×109/L,M(P25P75)] 5.6(4.4,6.8) 4.9(4.0,6.0) 2.265 <0.10
  术前淋巴细胞计数[×109/L,M(P25P75)] 1.3(1.1,1.6) 1.3(0.9,1.5) 1.995 <0.10
  术前单核细胞计数[×109/L,M(P25P75)] 0.5(0.4,0.6) 0.4(0.3,0.6) 2.532 <0.10
  术前血清肌酐[例(%)]     4.637 <0.10
    <965 μmol/L 44(58.7) 34(41.5)    
    ≥965 μmol/L 31(41.3) 48(58.5)    
  术前尿蛋白[例(%)]     13.362 <0.10
    阴性 16(21.3) 36(43.9)    
    + 44(58.7) 27(32.9)    
    ++ 10(13.3) 16(19.5)    
    +++ 5( 6.7) 3( 3.7)    
  术前免疫诱导方案[例(%)]     0.054 >0.10
    巴利昔单抗 57(76.0) 61(74.4)    
    抗胸腺细胞球蛋白 18(24.0) 21(25.6)    
供者因素        
  年龄[岁,M(P25P75)] 53(40,58) 52(39,58) 0.933 >0.10
  性别[例(%)]     0.004 >0.10
    61(81.3) 67(81.7)    
    14(18.7) 15(18.3)    
  糖尿病史[例(%)] 42(56.0) 19(23.2) 17.770 <0.10
  高血压史[例(%)] 23(30.7) 39(47.6) 4.051 <0.10
  死亡原因[例(%)]     0.080 >0.10
    脑血管意外 59(78.7) 66(80.5)    
    其它 16(21.3) 16(19.5)    
  捐献类型[例(%)]     1.911 >0.10
    DBD 33(44.0) 45(54.9)    
    DCD 6( 8.0) 6( 7.3)    
    DBCD 36(48.0) 31(37.8)    
  捐献前血清肌酐[例(%)]     7.101 <0.10
    <93 μmol/L 27(36.0) 49(59.8)    
    ≥93 μmol/L 48(64.0) 33(40.2)    
  供肾热缺血时间[min,M(P25P75)] 5.0(5.0,6.0) 5.0(5.0,7.0) 0.218 >0.10
  供肾冷缺血时间[h,M(P25P75)] 5.0(4.0,7.0) 5.0(4.0,6.0) 0.191 >0.10
  供受者HLA错配数[个,M(P25P75)] 3.0(2.0,5.0) 3.0(3.0,4.0) 0.142 >0.10
表3 肾移植受者术后发生DGF危险因素的多因素分析
图1 预测肾移植术后移植肾功能延迟恢复的列线图模型
图2 预测肾移植术后移植肾功能延迟恢复列线图模型的内部验证校准曲线
图3 预测肾移植术后移植肾功能延迟恢复列线图模型的决策曲线
图4 肾移植术后移植肾功能延迟恢复预测模型应用于建模组和验证组的ROC曲线注:a.建模组;B.验证组
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