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中华移植杂志(电子版) ›› 2022, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (06) : 346 -352. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-3903.2022.06.004

论著

宏基因组二代测序早期筛查肝移植术后人类微小病毒B19感染临床研究
罗来邦1, 王绪杨1, 胡续光1, 张友福1, 徐志丹1,()   
  1. 1. 330006 南昌,江西省人民医院(南昌医学院第一附属医院)器官移植科
  • 收稿日期:2022-10-21 出版日期:2022-12-25
  • 通信作者: 徐志丹
  • 基金资助:
    江西省卫健委科技计划项目(202320115); 江西省中医药管理局科技计划项目(2022B081)

Clinical research of metagenomic next-generation sequencing in early screening of human parvovirus B19 infection after liver transplantation

Laibang Luo1, Xuyang Wang1, Xuguang Hu1, Youfu Zhang1, Zhidan Xu1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Organ Transplantation, Jiangxi Provincial People′s Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang 330006, China
  • Received:2022-10-21 Published:2022-12-25
  • Corresponding author: Zhidan Xu
引用本文:

罗来邦, 王绪杨, 胡续光, 张友福, 徐志丹. 宏基因组二代测序早期筛查肝移植术后人类微小病毒B19感染临床研究[J]. 中华移植杂志(电子版), 2022, 16(06): 346-352.

Laibang Luo, Xuyang Wang, Xuguang Hu, Youfu Zhang, Zhidan Xu. Clinical research of metagenomic next-generation sequencing in early screening of human parvovirus B19 infection after liver transplantation[J]. Chinese Journal of Transplantation(Electronic Edition), 2022, 16(06): 346-352.

目的

总结分析肝移植术后早期人类微小病毒B19(HPV-B19)宏基因组二代测序(mNGS)筛查阳性受者HPV-B19感染特点及临床诊疗经验。

方法

回顾性分析2021年6月至2022年2月于江西省人民医院器官移植科接受肝移植且术后早期(术后第5~10天)mNGS检测HPV-B19阳性的21例受者临床资料,21例受者同期完善定量聚合酶链反应(qPCR)检测,当HPV-B19 DNA>1×103拷贝/mL时则为qPCR检测阳性。对21例受者检测结果、感染情况、发病特点和诊疗方法等进行总结分析。正态分布计量资料采用配对t检验进行比较,计数资料采用卡方检验进行比较,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。

结果

21例受者均抽取静脉血行mNGS检测,其中3例因术后存在肺部感染,另行支气管镜检查取肺泡灌洗液标本进行mNGS检测,余18例留取深部痰标本行mNGS检测。21例受者中7例qPCR检测阳性,占33.3%。21例受者在接受干预性治疗前均有不同程度的贫血表现,期间血红蛋白最低值为(75±11)g/L。21例受者中20例mNGS检测阳性后即予降低免疫抑制强度处理,余1例未调整免疫抑制方案,仅作观察处理。21例受者中9例移植后血红蛋白水平持续下降,予输血治疗;9例受者中4例除予输注红细胞悬液外,还给予静脉注射免疫球蛋白(IVIG)治疗。21例受者治疗前CD4+/CD8+ T细胞为(1.12±0.47),治疗后1个月为(1.51±0.72),差异有统计学意义(t=-2.106,P<0.05);治疗前CD4+和CD8+ T细胞计数分别为(236±130)个/μL和(212±98)个/μL,治疗后1个月分别为(284±252)个/μL和(174±108)个/μL,前后差异均无统计学意义(t=-0.779和1.182,P均>0.05)。21例受者术后1、3个月血红蛋白水平分别为(108±15)g/L和(130±15)g/L;术后3个月HPV-B19 DNA qPCR复查均为阴性。随访至2022年5月,所有肝移植受者贫血症状均得到改善,不需要输注红细胞悬液或IVIG治疗。

结论

对于肝移植术后mNGS早期筛查HPV-B19阳性受者,通过予降低免疫抑制强度为主的治疗方案,大部分受者贫血症状可得到有效控制;对于持续性贫血受者采用降低免疫抑制强度联合输血的治疗方案,效果不佳时予小剂量IVIG治疗效果好;对于qPCR检测阳性的肝移植受者,单纯降低免疫抑制强度治疗效果不佳。

Objective

To summarize and analyze the infectious characteristics of early human parvovirus B19 (HPV-B19) positive liver transplant recipients with metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) detection after transplantation and the relevant clinical experience of diagnosis and treatment.

Methods

The clinical data of 21 recipients who underwent liver transplantation in the Department of Organ Transplantation of Jiangxi Provincial People′s Hospital from June 2021 to February 2022 and were early HPV-B19 positive with mNGS detection after transplantation (postoperative days 5 to 10) were retrospectively analyzed. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to detect the HPV-B19 in 21 recipients during the same period, and HPV-B19 DNA > 1×103 copies/mL was considered as HPV-B19 positive. The detection results, infection status, disease characteristics, diagnosis and treatment methods of 21 recipients were summarized and analyzed. Normally distributed measurement data were compared using the paired t-test, and enumeration data were compared using the Chi-square test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

Venous blood samples of all 21 recipients were detected, of which 3 were additionally examined by bronchoscopy for mNGS from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples due to the presence of pulmonary infection after transplantation, and the remaining 18 deep sputum samples were detected by mNGS. Seven (33.3%) of 21 recipients were positive with qPCR for HPV-B19. All recipients had varying degrees of anemia before treatment, during which the lowest hemoglobin value was (75±11) g/L. the dosage of immune drugs of 20 among the 21 recipients was reduced immediately after mNGS, and the remaining 1 case was only observed. Nine of the 21 recipients with a continuous decrease in hemoglobin levels after transplantation and were treated with blood transfusion. Four of the nine recipients were treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in addition to having to transfuse red blood cell suspension. CD4+ /CD8+ T cells in 21 recipients were (1.12±0.47) and (1.51±0.72) before and 1 month after treatment, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (t=-2.106, P<0.05). CD4+ and CD8+ counts were (236±130)/μL and (212±98)/μL before treatment, and (284±252)/μL and (174±108)/μL 1 month after treatment, respectively, and the differences were not statistically significant (t=-0.779 and 1.182, all P>0.05). Hemoglobin was (108±15) and (130±15) g/L at 1 and 3 months after transplantation in 21 recipients, respectively. HPV-B19 DNA qPCR reexamination was negative at 3 months after surgery for all recipients. During follow-up until May 2022, 21 recipients showed significant improvement in anemia symptoms and did not require red blood cell transfusion or IVIG therapy.

Conclusions

For HPV-B19 positive recipients screened early by mNGS after liver transplantation, anemia symptoms could be effectively controlled in most recipients by giving a treatment regimen based on reducing the intensity of immunosuppression. For recipients with persistent anemia, a treatment regimen of reducing the intensity of immunosuppression combined with blood transfusion can be considered, and low-dose IVIG was effective when the effect was poor. For liver transplant recipients tested positive for HPV-B19 via qPCR, the treatment effect of reducing the intensity of immunosuppression alone can not be satisfied.

表1 21例mNGS检测HPV-B19阳性肝移植受者一般资料
病例 性别 年龄(岁) 原发病 术前人工肝治疗 术中输注红细胞悬液量(U) 治疗前血红蛋白(g/L) mNGS序列数 HPV-B19 DNA qPCR(拷贝数/mL) 治疗前T细胞亚群
肺泡灌洗液 CD4+(个/uL) CD8+(个/uL) CD4+/CD8+
1 30 自身免疫性肝硬化 4 68 129 047 0 7.41×107 142 73 1.95
2 41 乙型肝炎后肝硬化 4 65 64 903 0 2.44×107 117 144 0.81
3 47 慢加急肝衰竭、乙型肝炎后肝硬化 8 68 7 725 0 1.41×1011 371 186 1.99
4 45 自身免疫性肝硬化 8 64 41 209 0 8.92×1010 457 385 1.19
5 53 乙型肝炎后肝硬化、肝癌 4 53 102 0 <1 000 148 168 0.88
6 33 乙型肝炎后肝硬化、肝癌 4 81 7 380 0 <1 000 71 125 0.57
7 47 乙型肝炎后肝硬化、肝癌 16 79 4 0 <1 000 404 222 1.82
8 45 急性肝衰竭 4 101 92 978 0 <1 000 437 328 1.33
9 66 乙型肝炎后肝硬化、肝癌 4 74 8 0 <1 000 194 185 1.05
10 31 乙型肝炎后肝硬化 4 87 42 523 2 340 <1 000 315 388 0.81
11 52 急性肝衰竭 8 66 0 9 731 3.56×108 82 160 0.51
12 46 乙型肝炎后肝硬化、肝癌 8 76 391 588 2 <1 000 26 44 0.59
13 45 酒精性肝硬化、肝癌 4 85 129 741 0 <1 000 366 292 1.25
14 42 自身免疫性肝硬化 8 71 45 691 0 1.45×108 323 180 1.79
15 50 急性肝衰竭 4 75 54 0 <1 000 257 155 1.66
16 40 慢加急性肝衰竭 8 96 18 141 0 <1 000 192 188 1.02
17 45 肝癌 2 69 3 692 24 <1 000 204 234 0.87
18 36 急性肝衰竭 12 78 0 232 <1 000 256 351 0.73
19 55 急性肝衰竭 8 77 0 79 <1 000 344 295 1.17
20 50 肝癌 4 61 0 423 2.58×109 86 99 0.87
21 54 乙型肝炎后肝硬化 4 76 0 6 834 <1 000 166 251 0.66
表2 不同性别和原发病以及术前是否行人工肝治疗和术中输注红细胞悬液量不同的肝移植受者mNGS检测阳性比例比较
表3 21例mNGS检测HPV-B19阳性肝移植受者治疗情况以及治疗后血红蛋白和T细胞亚群变化情况
病例 免疫抑制方案 IVIG累积用量(mg/kg) 输注红细胞悬液量(U) 治疗后血红蛋白(g/L) 治疗后1个月T细胞亚群
调整前 调整后 1个月 3个月 CD4+计数(个/μL) CD8+计数(个/μL) CD4+/CD8+
1 他克莫司+甲泼尼龙 他克莫司(↓)+甲泼尼龙 0 4 132 127 171 68 2.51
2 他克莫司+MMF+甲泼尼龙 他克莫司(↓)+甲泼尼龙 241.6 6 125 146 142 132 1.08
3 他克莫司+MMF+甲泼尼龙 他克莫司(↓)+甲泼尼龙 125.0 4 103 152 304 126 2.41
4 他克莫司+MMF+甲泼尼龙 他克莫司(↓)+甲泼尼龙 0 2 99 122 182 88 2.07
5 他克莫司+MMF+甲泼尼龙 他克莫司(↓)+甲泼尼龙 0 4 99 116 77 63 1.22
6 他克莫司+MMF+甲泼尼龙 他克莫司(↓)+MMF(↓)+甲泼尼龙 0 0 95 130 14 33 0.42
7 他克莫司+MMF+甲泼尼龙 他克莫司(↓)+甲泼尼龙 0 0 111 155 404 222 1.82
8 他克莫司+MMF+甲泼尼龙 他克莫司+MMF+甲泼尼龙 0 0 132 143 534 371 1.44
9 他克莫司+MMF+甲泼尼龙 他克莫司+甲泼尼龙 0 0 120 121 170 135 1.26
10 他克莫司+MMF+甲泼尼龙 他克莫司(↓)+甲泼尼龙 0 0 112 154 57 107 0.53
11 他克莫司+MMF+甲泼尼龙 他克莫司+甲泼尼龙 0 6 84 111 51 105 0.49
12 他克莫司+甲泼尼龙 他克莫司(↓)+甲泼尼龙 142.9 8 107 112 225 156 1.44
13 他克莫司+MMF+甲泼尼龙 他克莫司(↓)+MMF+甲泼尼龙 0 0 132 142 302 286 1.06
14 他克莫司+MMF+甲泼尼龙 他克莫司(↓)+MMF(↓)+甲泼尼龙 0 2 79 122 928 357 2.60
15 他克莫司+甲泼尼龙 他克莫司(↓)+甲泼尼龙 0 0 97 123 929 386 2.41
16 他克莫司+甲泼尼龙 他克莫司(↓)+甲泼尼龙 0 0 116 138 265 140 1.90
17 他克莫司+MMF+甲泼尼龙 他克莫司(↓)+MMF(↓)+甲泼尼龙 0 0 121 125 206 158 1.30
18 他克莫司+甲泼尼龙 他克莫司(↓)+甲泼尼龙 0 0 105 135 147 151 0.97
19 他克莫司+MMF+甲泼尼龙 他克莫司(↓)+MMF(↓)+甲泼尼龙 0 0 102 128 428 156 2.74
20 他克莫司+MMF+甲泼尼龙 他克莫司(↓)+甲泼尼龙 142.5 16 92 113 339 337 1.01
21 他克莫司+MMF+甲泼尼龙 他克莫司(↓)+MMF(↓)+甲泼尼龙 0 0 96 107 96 84 1.14
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