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中华移植杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (05) : 344 -350. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-3903.2025.05.009

论著

成人肝硬化肝移植术后门静脉血栓形成的危险因素分析
艾贵生1, 李俊杰2, 谢炎2, 杨健2, 贺健2, 张蕾1, 蒋文涛2,3,()   
  1. 1300070 天津,天津医科大学一中心临床学院
    2300190 天津,天津市第一中心医院肝移植科
    3300110 天津,天津市肝癌分子诊断与治疗重点实验室
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-01 出版日期:2025-10-25
  • 通信作者: 蒋文涛
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(81870444,82202399); 天津市卫生健康科技项目(TJWJ2022QN032); 天津市卫生健康委员会重点学科专项(TJWJ2022XK016); 细胞生态海河实验室创新基金(22HHXBJC0000)

Analysis of risk factors associated with portal vein thrombosis following liver transplantation in adult patients with liver cirrhosis

Guisheng Ai1, Junjie Li2, Yan Xie2, Jian Yang2, Jian He2, Lei Zhang1, Wentao Jiang2,3,()   

  1. 1The First Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
    2Liver Transplantation Department, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin 300190, China
    3Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Cancer, Tianjin 300110, China
  • Received:2025-01-01 Published:2025-10-25
  • Corresponding author: Wentao Jiang
引用本文:

艾贵生, 李俊杰, 谢炎, 杨健, 贺健, 张蕾, 蒋文涛. 成人肝硬化肝移植术后门静脉血栓形成的危险因素分析[J/OL]. 中华移植杂志(电子版), 2025, 19(05): 344-350.

Guisheng Ai, Junjie Li, Yan Xie, Jian Yang, Jian He, Lei Zhang, Wentao Jiang. Analysis of risk factors associated with portal vein thrombosis following liver transplantation in adult patients with liver cirrhosis[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Transplantation(Electronic Edition), 2025, 19(05): 344-350.

目的

探讨成人肝硬化肝移植术后门静脉血栓(PVT)形成的危险因素及预后。

方法

回顾性分析2018年1月至2022年6月天津市第一中心医院器官移植中心596例成人肝硬化肝移植受者的临床资料,根据术后是否发生PVT分为PVT组(32例)和无PVT组(564例)。采用单因素及多因素分析筛选肝移植术后PVT形成的危险因素,并比较两组受者生存情况。

结果

596例肝移植受者术后PVT形成的发生率为5.37%(32/596)。多因素分析显示,术前存在大型自发性门体分流(SPSS)(OR=6.716,95%CI: 2.481~18.180)、术前存在Ⅲ~Ⅳ级PVT(OR=8.368,95%CI:1.954~35.835)、术后持续存在SPSS(OR=5.917,95%CI:1.785~19.615)及冷缺血时间≥10 h(OR=4.002,95%CI:1.183~13.537)是肝移植术后PVT形成的独立危险因素(P均<0.05)。32例PVT受者中行手术取栓4例,介入治疗7例,药物抗凝治疗21例。经治疗后,25例受者PVT消失,7例PVT稳定且无临床症状,共发生5例与PVT无关的死亡事件。生存分析显示,非PVT组和PVT组受者术后1、2和3年生存率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。非PVT组术后1、2和3年移植物存活率分别为98.4%、95.1%和93.6%,PVT组分别为87.3%、83.6%和78.4%,差异有统计学意义(χ2= 11.3,P<0.05)。

结论

术前存在大型SPSS和Ⅲ~Ⅳ级PVT、术后持续存在SPSS及冷缺血时间≥10 h是成人肝硬化肝移植受者术后PVT形成的独立危险因素。对于术后PVT形成的受者,尽早诊治可实现较好预后。

Objective

To investigate the risk factors and treatment methods of portal vein thrombosis (PVT) after liver transplantation (LT) in adult liver cirrhosis recipients.

Methods

The clinical data of 596 adult cirrhosis patients undergoing LT in the Organ transplantation Center of Tianjin First Central Hospital from January 2018 to June 2022 were analyzed, and the overall cases were divided into PVT group (32 cases) and non-PVT group (564 cases) according to postoperative PVT. Unvariate and multivariate analysis were used to screen risk factors for PVT formation after LT and to compare survival rates between the two groups.

Results

Out of the 596 LT recipients included in this study, the overall incidence of postoperative PVT was 5.37% (32/596). Multivariate analysis revealed that, the presence of large spontaneous portosystemic shunt (SPSS) (OR=6.716, 95%CI: 2.481-18.180), postoperative presence of portoshunt (OR=5.917, 95%CI: 1.785-19.615), preoperative grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ PVT (OR=8.368, 95%CI: 1.954-35.835) and cold ischemia time ≥10 h (OR=4.002, 95%CI: 1.183-13.537) were independent risk factors for PVT formation after LT(P<0.05). Among 32 recipients with PVT, 4 underwent surgical thrombectomy, 7 received interventional therapy, and 21 were treated with anticoagulant medications. After treatment, PVT resolved in 25 recipients, while 7 had stable PVT without clinical symptoms. A total of 5 deaths unrelated to PVT occurred. Survival analysis revealed that the 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year post-operative graft survival rates of the non-PVT group achieved 98.4%, 95.1%, and 93.6%, compared with 87.3%, 83.6%, and 78.4% in the PVT group. The difference was statistically significant (χ2=11.3, P<0.05).

Conclusions

The presence of large SPSS, grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ PVT, persistence of portosystemic shunt and cold ischemia time ≥10 h are independent risk factors for PVT formation after LT in adult patients with cirrhosis. For recipients of postoperative PVT formation, early diagnosis and treatment can achieve a better survival prognosis.

表1 成人肝硬化肝移植术后PVT形成的危险因素单因素分析
变量 无PVT组(n=564) PVT组(n=32) Z/χ2/t P
年龄[岁,M(P25P75)] 53 (45,60) 52 (48,57) -0.06 >0.05
性别[例(%),男/女] 439 (77.84)/125 (22.16) 27 (84.38)/5 (15.62) 0.76 >0.05
身高[cm,M(P25P75)] 171 (166,175) 174 (169,178) -1.18 >0.05
体重[kg,M(P25P75)] 70 (61,78) 72 (64,80) -1.13 >0.05
ABO血型[例(%)]     2.19 >0.05
O型 186 (32.98) 8 (25.00)    
A型 146 (25.89) 9 (28.12)    
B型 169 (29.96) 9 (28.12)    
AB型 63 (11.17) 6 (18.75)    
术前情况        
SPSS [例(%)]     <0.05
436 (77.30) 13 (40.62)    
小型SPSS 81 (14.36) 3 ( 9.38)    
大型SPSS 47 ( 8.33) 16 (50.00)    
PVT[例(%)]     32.52 <0.05
无PVT 449 (79.61) 16 (50.00)    
Ⅰ~Ⅱ级 106 (18.79) 11 (34.38)    
Ⅲ~Ⅳ级 9 ( 1.60) 5 (15.62)    
肝硬化类型[例(%)]     >0.05
乙肝肝硬化 343 (60.92) 20 (62.50)    
丙肝肝硬化 20 ( 3.55) 2 ( 6.25)    
酒精性肝硬化 91 (16.16) 4 (12.50)    
非酒精性脂肪性肝硬化 4 ( 0.71) 1 ( 3.12)    
自身免疫性肝硬化 76 (13.50) 3 ( 9.38)    
隐源性肝硬化 16 ( 2.84) 1 ( 3.12)    
其他 14 ( 2.48) 1 ( 3.12)    
肝衰竭[例(%)]     >0.05
491 (87.06) 30 (93.75)    
慢性肝衰竭 11 ( 1.95) 0    
急性肝衰竭 7 ( 1.24) 0    
亚急性肝衰竭 1 ( 0.18) 0    
慢加急性肝衰竭 54 ( 9.57) 2 ( 6.25)    
肝恶性肿瘤[例(%)]     >0.05
314 (55.67) 19 (59.38)    
肝细胞癌 246 (43.62) 12 (37.50)    
胆管细胞癌 4 ( 0.71) 1 ( 3.12)    
血清白蛋白(g/L,±s) 35±6 33±5 1.60 >0.05
血清肌酐[μmol/L,M(P25P75)] 66.0 (54.0,80.0) 64.5 (55.5,76.8) -0.01 >0.05
血清总胆红素[μmol/L,M(P25P75)] 43.8 (18.6,131.3) 32.0 (18.1,62.5) -0.87 >0.05
INR[M(P25P75)] 1.44 (1.22, 1.92) 1.39 (1.27, 1.72) -0.07 >0.05
MELD评分[分,M(P25P75)] 16 (10,22) 14 (10,18) -0.67 >0.05
Child-Pugh分级[例(%)]     0.69 >0.05
A级 180 (31.91) 8 (25.00)    
B级 170 (30.14) 11 (34.38)    
C级 214 (37.94) 13 (40.62)    
跨血型肝移植[例(%)] 59 (10.46) 2 ( 6.25) 0.22 >0.05
移植物类型[例(%)]     >0.05
公民逝世后捐献,全肝 483 (85.64) 25 (78.12)    
公民逝世后捐献,劈离 65 (11.52) 4 (12.50)    
活体肝移植 16 ( 2.84) 3 ( 9.38)    
术中情况        
总手术时间[min,M(P25P75)] 445 (395,510) 472 (435,598) -2.83 <0.05
输注红细胞[U,M(P25P75)] 10 (6,12) 10 (8,14) -1.86 >0.05
输注血浆[mL,M(P25P75)] 2 000 (1 000,2 000) 2 165 (2 000,2 325) -4.87 <0.05
静脉输液量[mL,M(P25P75)] 4 160 (3 250,5 215) 4 950 (3 830,6 838) -2.86 <0.05
失血量[mL,M(P25P75)] 1 500 (1 000,2 200) 2 500 (1 575,3 000) -3.45 <0.05
无肝期[min,M(P25P75)] 45 (37,50) 45 (40,51) -1.48 >0.05
冷缺血时间[例(%)]     4.70 <0.05
<10 h 536 (95.04) 27 (84.38)    
≥10 h 28 ( 4.96) 5 (15.62)    
术后情况        
住院时长[d,M(P25P75)] 26 (21,38) 31 (21,51) -1.84 >0.05
呼吸支持时间[h,M(P25P75)] 6 ( 3,10) 6 (4,9) -0.14 >0.05
ICU停留时间[h,M(P25P75)] 65 (43,89) 74 (58,100) -1.29 >0.05
SPSS持续存在[例(%)] 17 ( 3.01) 9 (28.12) 39.95 <0.05
表2 成人肝硬化肝移植术后PVT形成的危险因素多因素logistic回归分析
图1 成人肝硬化肝移植术后PVT组和无PVT组受者生存曲线注:PVT.门静脉血栓
图2 成人肝硬化肝移植术后PVT组和无PVT组移植物生存曲线注:PVT.门静脉血栓
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