Abstract:

Organ transplantation is an effective treatment for end-stage organ failure， but the survival of transplanted organs is significantly limited by transplant rejection and the adverse effects of immunosuppressive therapies. T cells play a central role in transplant rejection， as they recognize foreign antigens， become activated， and initiate effector responses that lead to organ damage.Identifying immunosuppressive strategies that can effectively suppress rejection while preserving normal immune function remains a major challenge for researchers and clinicians. T cell function is heavily dependent on metabolic pathways， which not only provide the energy required for T cell growth and proliferation but also supply essential substrates for immune responses. Increasing evidence suggests that the metabolic characteristics of T cells are closely linked to the initiation and regulation of immune responses， and metabolic pathways and metabolites may serve as novel targets for modulating immune responses. Consequently， modulating T cell metabolism is being explored as a potential strategy to promote transplant tolerance. This review focuses on the metabolic characteristics of T cells and their role in transplant immunity. We summarize recent advances in the regulation of transplant tolerance through metabolic interventions and discuss the potential clinical applications of these strategies. We propose that future immunosuppressive protocols may incorporate metabolic modulation， offering a more precise approach to immune tolerance and improving both transplant success and long-term patient survival.

Key words: T cells, Energy metabolism, Graft rejection, Transplantation tolerance