High-sensitized patients possess a large number of HLA antibodies in their bodies, which can lead to rejection of the transplanted kidney and severely affect the success rate of transplant surgeries, necessitating desensitization treatment. Plasmapheresis is an effective desensitization method. Recent studies have shown that plasmapheresis can improve the effectiveness of desensitization treatment during the perioperative period for kidney transplant recipients and enhance the immune response of the body. By formulating targeted plasmapheresis application strategies before and after surgery, it is possible to effectively reduce HLA antibody levels, increase the success rate of desensitization treatment, and facilitate the smooth progress of kidney transplant surgeries.However, plasmapheresis may lead to postoperative complications such as hypocalcemia, infection and hypotension in kidney transplant recipients, which can be mitigated through the implementation of targeted preventive measures.This article reviews the research progress of plasmapheresis for desensitization treatment in kidney transplant recipients during the perioperative period, combining both domestic and international studies, to provide a scientific basis for improving the effectiveness and safety of plasmapheresis in desensitization treatment for kidney transplant recipients.