高致敏患者由于体内存在大量HLA抗体，可导致移植肾出现排斥反应，严重影响移植手术成功率，故须行脱敏治疗。血浆置换是一种有效的脱敏治疗手段。近年来的研究表明，血浆置换可提高肾移植受者围手术期脱敏治疗效果，增强机体免疫力。通过在手术前后制订针对性的血浆置换应用策略，可有效降低HLA抗体水平，提高脱敏治疗有效率，利于肾移植手术顺利开展。血浆置换可能会导致肾移植受者术后出现低钙血症、感染和低血压等并发症，可通过制订针对性的防治措施减少上述并发症的发生。本文结合国内外研究报道，综述血浆置换用于肾移植受者围手术期脱敏治疗的研究进展，为肾移植受者脱敏治疗提供科学的指导依据，以期提高血浆置换在肾移植受者脱敏治疗中的有效性与安全性。

High-sensitized patients possess a large number of HLA antibodies in their bodies, which can lead to rejection of the transplanted kidney and severely affect the success rate of transplant surgeries, necessitating desensitization treatment. Plasmapheresis is an effective desensitization method. Recent studies have shown that plasmapheresis can improve the effectiveness of desensitization treatment during the perioperative period for kidney transplant recipients and enhance the immune response of the body. By formulating targeted plasmapheresis application strategies before and after surgery, it is possible to effectively reduce HLA antibody levels, increase the success rate of desensitization treatment, and facilitate the smooth progress of kidney transplant surgeries.However, plasmapheresis may lead to postoperative complications such as hypocalcemia, infection and hypotension in kidney transplant recipients, which can be mitigated through the implementation of targeted preventive measures.This article reviews the research progress of plasmapheresis for desensitization treatment in kidney transplant recipients during the perioperative period, combining both domestic and international studies, to provide a scientific basis for improving the effectiveness and safety of plasmapheresis in desensitization treatment for kidney transplant recipients.