Liver transplantation is an important treatment method for the end-stage liver diseases. The thyroid hormone system plays a key role in the perioperative period of liver transplantation. Its dynamic changes are closely associated with the preoperative status of patients and the occurrence of perioperative complications. Thyroid hormone can regulate liver metabolic homeostasis and regenerative capacity through nuclear receptor-mediated signaling networks, while the liver affects thyroid functional status by regulating thyroid hormone metabolism, binding protein synthesis and bile excretion. Clarifying the role and mechanism of thyroid hormone in the perioperative period of liver transplantation can provide a theoretical basis for its optimal management during the perioperative period.