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中华移植杂志(电子版) ›› 2024, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (02) : 104 -109. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-3903.2024.02.006

论著

2017—2022年中国105家医院肾移植术后门诊受者免疫抑制剂用药分析
郭明星1, 徐烨1, 徐菀佚1, 赵莹1, 刘冉佳1, 潘晨1, 崔向丽1,()   
  1. 1. 100050 首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院药剂科
  • 收稿日期:2023-09-07 出版日期:2024-04-25
  • 通信作者: 崔向丽
  • 基金资助:
    北京市通州区科技计划项目(KJ2022CX039); 北京友谊医院科研启动基金(yygdktgl2021-3)

Analysis of immunosuppressive drugs used in outpatient patients after kidney transplantation at 105 hospitals in China from 2017 to 2022

Mingxing Guo1, Ye Xu1, Wanyi Xu1, Ying Zhao1, Ranjia Liu1, Chen Pan1, Xiangli Cui1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
  • Received:2023-09-07 Published:2024-04-25
  • Corresponding author: Xiangli Cui
引用本文:

郭明星, 徐烨, 徐菀佚, 赵莹, 刘冉佳, 潘晨, 崔向丽. 2017—2022年中国105家医院肾移植术后门诊受者免疫抑制剂用药分析[J]. 中华移植杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(02): 104-109.

Mingxing Guo, Ye Xu, Wanyi Xu, Ying Zhao, Ranjia Liu, Chen Pan, Xiangli Cui. Analysis of immunosuppressive drugs used in outpatient patients after kidney transplantation at 105 hospitals in China from 2017 to 2022[J]. Chinese Journal of Transplantation(Electronic Edition), 2024, 18(02): 104-109.

目的

分析肾移植术后门诊受者免疫抑制剂的选择及联用情况。

方法

回顾性分析2017年1月至2022年12月全国9个城市105家医疗机构肾移植门诊含有免疫抑制剂的处方数据,提取性别、年龄、就诊人次、免疫抑制剂种类和联用情况等信息。

结果

共纳入161 989人次的367 526张处方。霉酚酸类药物开具人次最多(125 824,77.67%),其次为他克莫司(97 979,60.48%)和糖皮质激素类(72 776,44.93%)。联合方案中,他克莫司+霉酚酸类+糖皮质激素三联免疫抑制方案(18.87%~27.98%)和他克莫司+霉酚酸类二联免疫抑制方案使用率(23.14%~27.16%)较高。从年变化趋势上看,环孢素开具人次呈逐年降低趋势(由24.75%降至13.28%,R2=0.970 8),咪唑立宾开具人次有逐年升高趋势(由1.33%升至2.67%,R2=0.956 6)。无CNI方案和西罗莫司开具人次均在2022年最多。无激素方案开具人次在2017年最高(14 813,61.09%),2020年下降至最低(12 309,49.78%),随后开始回升。

结论

肾移植术后CNI类药物使用中他克莫司占主导地位,抗细胞增殖类药物中霉酚酸类为主要选择,他克莫司+霉酚酸类联合或不联合糖皮质激素的免疫抑制方案为肾移植术后主要的免疫抑制维持方案。

Objective

Analyze the selection and combination use of immunosuppressants in outpatient renal transplant recipients.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of outpatient prescription data for kidney transplantation in 105 medical institutions among 9 cities across China from January 2017 to December 2022. Information such as gender, age, number of visits, type of immunosuppressants, and combination of immunosuppressants were extracted from prescriptions containing immunosuppressants under kidney transplantation diagnosis.

Results

A total of 161 989 prescriptions were obtained for 367 526 people. In the prescribing of immunosuppressants for outpatient patients after kidney transplantation, mycophenolic acids were the most frequently prescribed (125 824, 77.67%), followed by tacrolimus (97 979, 60.48%) and steroids (72 776, 44.93%). In the combination therapy, the use rate of tacrolimus+ mycophenolic acid+ steroids triple immunosuppressive regimen (18.87%-27.98%) and tacrolimus+ mycophenolic acid double immunosuppressive regimen (23.14%-27.16%) was relatively high. From the perspective of annual trends, the number of prescriptions for cyclosporine showed a decreasing trend year by year (24.75%-13.28%, R2=0.970 8), while the number of prescriptions for imidacloprid showed an increasing trend year by year (1.33%-2.67%, R2=0.956 6). Both the lack of CNI scheme and the issuance of sirolimus had the highest number of cases in 2022. The number of people who received hormone free treatment was the highest in 2017 (14 813, 61.09%), but decreased to the lowest in 2020 (12 309, 49.78%), and then began to rise again.

Conclusions

Tacrolimus dominates the use of calcineurin inhibitors after kidney transplantation, while mycophenolic acids are the main choice of antiproliferative drugs. The immunosuppressive regimen of tacrolimus+ mycophenolic acids+ steroids and tacrolimus+ mycophenolic is the main immunosuppressive maintenance regimen after kidney transplantation.

表1 2017至2022年肾移植术后门诊受者免疫抑制剂总体使用情况
表2 2017至2022年肾移植术后门诊受者他克莫司使用率变化情况
用法/剂型 免疫抑制方案 2017年(%) 2018年(%) 2019年(%) 2020年(%) 2021年(%) 2022年(%) 趋势线R2
单用 他克莫司 4.90 5.10 5.02 5.09 5.16 8.87 0.474 1
联合用药                
二联 他克莫司+糖皮质激素 1.29 1.33 1.49 1.71 1.86 1.89 0.958 7
  他克莫司+霉酚酸类 26.48 27.13 27.16 25.07 26.10 23.14 0.581 2
  他克莫司+咪唑立宾 0.27 0.36 0.45 0.58 0.48 0.71 0.846 3
  他克莫司+西罗莫司 0.16 0.23 0.24 0.21 0.30 0.39 0.786 0
三联                
  他克莫司+霉酚酸类+糖皮质激素 18.87 21.99 24.62 27.98 26.50 24.61 0.558 7
  他克莫司+咪唑立宾+糖皮质激素 0.41 0.49 0.67 0.89 0.73 0.74 0.616 1
  他克莫司+西罗莫司+糖皮质激素 0.11 0.13 0.14 0.17 0.18 0.30 0.790 2
  他克莫司+霉酚酸类+咪唑立宾 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.11 0.466 3
  他克莫司+西罗莫司+霉酚酸类 0.42 0.66 0.87 0.55 0.56 0.77 0.137 1
  他克莫司+西罗莫司+咪唑立宾 0 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.06 0.601 3
四联                
  他克莫司+霉酚酸类+咪唑立宾+糖皮质激素 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.07 0.16 0.18 0.844 5
  他克莫司+西罗莫司+霉酚酸类+糖皮质激素 0.49 0.73 0.88 0.68 0.69 0.93 0.406 8
  他克莫司+西罗莫司+咪唑立宾+糖皮质激素 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.247 1
剂型 他克莫司胶囊 53.45 58.19 58.54 57.00 56.36 56.64 0.069 4
  他克莫司缓释胶囊 0.02 0.03 3.09 6.08 6.45 6.09 0.853 9
表3 2017至2022年肾移植术后门诊受者环孢素使用率变化情况
表4 2017至2022年肾移植术后门诊受者西罗莫司使用率变化情况
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