肾移植是终末期肾病的最佳疗法,传统的开放式肾移植存在切口大、恢复周期长和住院时间长等缺点。 传统腹腔镜在血管吻合方面的技术难度和风险导致其并未常规应用于肾移植手术。 随着机器人辅助技术的发展与引入,其提供的三维视野与手稳定系统使血管吻合过程更加安全可靠,为肾移植外科带来新的发展。 国内外多个移植中心均已成功开展机器人辅助下肾移植(RAKT),住院时长短,受者预后良好、满意度高,但RAKT 也受限于医疗资源投入、手术费用,且缺乏大样本临床试验的验证。 本文综述RAKT 技术进展、国内外应用现状及目前存在的争议,以期为我国RAKT 的进一步发展提供参考。

Kidney transplantation is the optimal treatment for end-stage renal disease patient.Traditional open kidney transplantation has disadvantages such as large incisions, long recovery periods, and extended hospitalization. The technical difficulty and risks associated with vascular anastomosis in conventional laparoscopy have prevented its routine use in kidney transplantation surgery. The development of robotic-assisted technology, offering a three-dimensional view and a hand-stabilization system, has made the vascular anastomosis process safer and more reliable, heralding a new era for kidney transplantation surgery at the same time. Numerous transplant centers worldwide have successfully conducted robotic-assisted kidney transplantation (RAKT), which has been associated with better patient outcomes, shorter hospitalization, and higher patient satisfaction.However, RAKT is still limited by the medical resources, patient costs, and the lack of validation from large-scale clinical trials. This article reviews the technological advancements, current global application, and existing controversies of RAKT, to provide a theoretical foundation for the further development of RAKT in China.