探讨中国公民对器官捐献的社会认知现状及其影响因素，为进一步提高公民逝世后器官捐献意愿提供理论依据和数据支持。

2023年6月至2024年12月，通过方便取样的方式对湖北省内8个市、县的人群进行问卷调查，内容包括人口学信息、器官捐献相关知识了解程度、对器官捐献的态度和观念以及器官捐献意愿。根据受访者器官捐献意愿分为2组，分析器官捐献意愿的影响因素。计量资料采用独立样本t检验比较，计数资料采用卡方检验比较。纳入P<0.05的因素进行二项logistic回归分析。

回收问卷1 432份，经数据清洗剔除不合格问卷112份，最终纳入1 320份问卷进行分析。结果显示，仅252名(19.1%)受访者愿意在逝世后捐献器官，整体捐献意愿偏低。Logistic回归分析结果显示，受教育程度、对"器官捐献目前仍然存在法律上的争议"观点的认可程度、对我国器官捐献相关法律法规保障的信任程度、对"想到自己逝世后可能会捐献器官，是否会有不安的感觉"观点的同意程度以及对"当自己表达了捐献意愿后，医护人员会违背法律法规，放弃对您的救治"的担心程度是器官捐献意愿的影响因素(P均<0.05)。

公众对器官捐献的意愿普遍偏低，通过加强公众对器官捐献相关法律法规和流程的宣传，增进对捐献制度的信任，积极宣传器官捐献的社会价值，同时正视和消除公众的顾虑，可能是提高我国百万人口捐献率的有效方法。

To investigate the current status and influencing factors of social awareness regarding organ donation among Chinese citizens, providing theoretical and empirical support for initiatives aimed at increasing citizens′ llingness to donate organs after death.

From June 2023 to December 2024, a convenience sampling survey was conducted among residents of eight cities and counties in Hubei Province. The questionnaire collected demographic information, knowledge and attitudes toward organ donation, and willingness to donate. Participants were divided into two groups based on their willingness to donate. Independent sample t-tests were used for continuous variables, and chi-square tests were used for categorical variables. Variables showing statistically significant associations in univariate analysis were further included in the binary logistic regression model.

A total of 1, 432 questionnaires were collected, with 112 invalid responses excluded after data cleaning, resulting in 1, 320 valid responses for analyzed. Only 252 (19.1%) of participants expressed willingness to postmortem organ donation. Logistic regression showed that education level, recognition of legal issues surrounding donation, approval of China′s legal framework for donation, discomfort with the idea of postmortem donation, and concern about potential withdrawal of treatment independently influenced willingness.

Public willingness to donate organs remains generally low. Enhancing public awareness of organ donation laws and processes, fostering trust in the donation system, actively promoting the social value of organ donation, and addressing public concerns may effectively improve organ donation rates per million population in China.