中国人体器官捐献于2015年1月全面进入以公民逝世后器官捐献为来源的器官移植新时代，经过八年的改革实践及两年的专项整治，我国器官捐献与移植呈现出快速、跨越式发展，并迈入法制化、伦理化、科学化、规范化道路，与国际同轨，展现出高质量、健康可持续发展的良好态势。目前，我国器官捐献与移植数量位居亚洲第一、国际第二位，实现量质双升，并受到国际移植社会高度赞扬和支持。然而供受者的数量差异仍是器官移植医师不得不面临的现实问题，异种移植的发展可能是缓解器官短缺现状的有效手段，其临床推广需克服跨物种之间基因差异导致的严重并发症。本文就我国目前器官捐献与移植发展现状以及异种移植临床研究进展做一总结。

In January 2015, organ donation after citizens′ death has become the only legal source of organs in China. After 8 years of reform practice and 2 years of special rectification, organ donation and transplantation in our country show fast, leap-forward development on a legal, ethical, scientific and standardized road, and has shown a good trend of high-quality, healthy and sustainable development along the same track as the international community. At present, China′s organ donation and transplantation ranks first in Asia and second in the world, which has been highly praised and supported by the international transplant community. However, the huge quantitative difference between donors and recipients is still a realistic problem that organ transplant doctors have to face. The development of xenotransplantation may be an effective means to alleviate the current situation of organ shortage, and its clinical promotion needs to overcome the serious complications caused by cross-species genetic differences. This paper summarizes the current development status of organ donation and transplantation in China and the progress of clinical research on xenotransplantation.