Organ donation and transplantation serve as critical medical interventions for saving the lives of end-stage patients, and their sustainable development relies heavily on robust support from the social security system. Based on a review of literature and practical experience, this study systematically explores the mechanisms through which the social security system functions in the field of organ donation and transplantation. These mechanisms primarily include: alleviating the pressures on donors and their families through charitable assistance, humanitarian care, educational support, and transplant priority policies; enhancing the stability and capability of professional donation teams via human resource guarantees, team development, and training systems; improving registration, allocation, and sharing policies as well as medical security systems to reduce the economic and psychological burdens on transplant candidates; and standardizing medical practices while improving the quality of healthcare through stringent professional admission procedures, physician training, and certification systems. The multi-dimensional support provided by the social security system not only safeguards the rights and interests of key stakeholders but also enhances the overall efficiency of the system, playing a central role in promoting high-quality, standardized, and sustainable development in organ donation and transplantation.